added ex01 solution

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ build/
 
 /data/*
 !/data/README.txt
+!/data/fireplace
+!/data/subdiv
+!/data/parallax
+!/data/fractal.obj
 /result*
 
 # Latex stuff
@@ -17,3 +21,8 @@ build/
 *.pdf
 *.synctex.gz
 *.json
+*__latexindent_temp.tex
+
+# Mac Stuff
+.DS_Store
+

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 project(CG1_Tracer LANGUAGES CXX)
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 
 if(NOT WIN32)
@@ -37,3 +37,5 @@ target_link_libraries(tracey_ex1 tracey)
 
 
 
+
+

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Build / Setup Prozess
+Anweisungen ausgelagert in [BUILD_INSTRUCTIONS.md](BUILD_INSTRUCTIONS.md)
+
 # Git Grundlagen / Workflow
 Git Spickzettel: https://files.morr.cc/git-spickzettel.png
 

camera/perspectivecamera.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 #include "camera/perspectivecamera.h"
 
-PerspectiveCamera::PerspectiveCamera() : forwardDirection(0, 0, 1), upDirection(0, 1, 0), fovAngle(70) {}
+PerspectiveCamera::PerspectiveCamera() : forwardDirection(0, 0, 1), upDirection(0, 1, 0), rightDirection(1, 0, 0) { setFovAngle(70); }
 
 Ray PerspectiveCamera::createRay(float x, float y) const {
-  // IMPLEMENT ME!
-  // Set up a left-handed coordinate system,
-  // in which the camera looks along the positive z-Axis
-  return Ray();
+  // Create the ray
+  return Ray(this->position, x * this->rightDirection + y * this->upDirection + focus * this->forwardDirection);
 }

camera/perspectivecamera.h

@@ -12,9 +12,26 @@ public:
 
   // Set
   void setPosition(Vector3d const &position) { this->position = position; }
-  void setForwardDirection(Vector3d const &forwardDirection) { this->forwardDirection = normalized(forwardDirection); }
-  void setUpDirection(Vector3d const &upDirection) { this->upDirection = normalized(upDirection); }
-  void setFovAngle(float fovAngle) { this->fovAngle = fovAngle; }
+  void setForwardDirection(Vector3d const &forwardDirection) {
+    // IMPLEMENT ME
+    // Set up a left-handed coordinate system,
+    // in which the camera looks along the positive z-Axis
+    // Set up a left-handed coordinate system,
+    // in which the camera looks along the positive z-Axis
+    std::tie(this->forwardDirection, this->upDirection, this->rightDirection) = orthoNormalized(forwardDirection, this->upDirection, crossProduct(this->upDirection, forwardDirection));
+  }
+  void setUpDirection(Vector3d const &upDirection) {
+    // IMPLEMENT ME
+    // Set up a left-handed coordinate system,
+    // in which the camera looks along the positive z-Axis
+    // Set up a left-handed coordinate system,
+    // in which the camera looks along the positive z-Axis
+    std::tie(this->forwardDirection, this->upDirection, this->rightDirection) = orthoNormalized(this->forwardDirection, upDirection, crossProduct(upDirection, this->forwardDirection));
+  }
+  void setFovAngle(float fovAngle) {
+    // Calculate the focus
+    this->focus = 1.0f / std::tan((fovAngle * PI / 180) / 2.0f);
+  }
 
   // Camera functions
   Ray createRay(float x, float y) const override;
@@ -23,7 +40,8 @@ protected:
   Vector3d position;
   Vector3d forwardDirection;
   Vector3d upDirection;
-  float fovAngle;
+  Vector3d rightDirection;
+  float focus;
 };
 
 #endif

common/common.h

@@ -4,7 +4,23 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 #ifndef EPSILON
-#define EPSILON 1E-4f
+#define EPSILON 1E-6f
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SPLT_EPS
+#define SPLT_EPS 4 * EPSILON
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LGT_EPS
+#define LGT_EPS 5E-5f
+#endif
+
+#ifndef REFR_EPS
+#define REFR_EPS 1E-4f
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NORM_EPS
+#define NORM_EPS 1E-12f
 #endif
 
 #ifndef INFINITY

common/ray.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "ray.h"
+
+int Ray::rayCount = 0;

common/ray.h

@@ -23,10 +23,14 @@ struct Ray {
   Vector3d bitangent;
 
   // Constructor
-  Ray(Vector3d const &origin = Vector3d(0, 0, 0), Vector3d const &direction = Vector3d(0, 0, 1))
-      : origin(origin), direction(normalized(direction)) {
+  Ray(Vector3d const &origin = Vector3d(0, 0, 0), Vector3d const &direction = Vector3d(0, 0, 1)) : origin(origin), direction(normalized(direction)) {
+    ++rayCount;
   }
 
+  inline int getRemainingBounces() const { return remainingBounces; }
+
+  static inline void resetRayCount() { rayCount = 0; }
+  static inline int getRayCount() { return rayCount; }
 
 private:
 #ifndef ICG_RAY_BOUNCES
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ private:
   int remainingBounces = ICG_RAY_BOUNCES;
 #endif
 
+  static int rayCount;
 };
 
 #endif

common/vector2d.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "common/vector2d.h"
+#include "common/common.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
 
 // Access operators ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -76,18 +77,14 @@ Vector2d &operator/=(Vector2d &left, float right) {
 
 // Useful functions ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-Vector2d componentProduct(const Vector2d &left, const Vector2d &right) {
-  return Vector2d(left.u * right.u, left.v * right.v);
-}
+Vector2d componentProduct(const Vector2d &left, const Vector2d &right) { return Vector2d(left.u * right.u, left.v * right.v); }
 
-Vector2d componentQuotient(const Vector2d &left, const Vector2d &right) {
-  return Vector2d(left.u / right.u, left.v / right.v);
-}
+Vector2d componentQuotient(const Vector2d &left, const Vector2d &right) { return Vector2d(left.u / right.u, left.v / right.v); }
 
 float dotProduct(Vector2d const &left, Vector2d const &right) { return left.u * right.u + left.v * right.v; }
 
 float length(Vector2d const &c) { return std::sqrt(dotProduct(c, c)); }
 
-Vector2d normalized(Vector2d const &v) { return v / length(v); }
+Vector2d normalized(Vector2d const &v) { return v / std::max(length(v), NORM_EPS); }
 
 void normalize(Vector2d *v) { *v = normalized(*v); }

common/vector3d.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "common/vector3d.h"
+#include "common/common.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
-#include <cmath>
 
 // Access operators ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -34,35 +35,27 @@ float const &Vector3d::operator[](int const dimension) const {
 
 // Comparison operators ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-bool operator==(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return (left.x == right.x && left.y == right.y && left.z == right.z);
-}
+bool operator==(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return (left.x == right.x && left.y == right.y && left.z == right.z); }
 
 bool operator!=(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return !(left == right); }
 
 // Arithmetic operators ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-Vector3d operator+(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x + right.x, left.y + right.y, left.z + right.z);
-}
+Vector3d operator+(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left.x + right.x, left.y + right.y, left.z + right.z); }
 
 Vector3d operator-(Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(-right.x, -right.y, -right.z); }
 
-Vector3d operator-(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x - right.x, left.y - right.y, left.z - right.z);
-}
+Vector3d operator-(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left.x - right.x, left.y - right.y, left.z - right.z); }
 
-Vector3d operator*(Vector3d const &left, float right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x * right, left.y * right, left.z * right);
-}
+Vector3d operator*(Vector3d const &left, float right) { return Vector3d(left.x * right, left.y * right, left.z * right); }
 
-Vector3d operator*(float left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left * right.x, left * right.y, left * right.z);
-}
+Vector3d operator*(float left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left * right.x, left * right.y, left * right.z); }
 
-Vector3d operator/(Vector3d const &left, float right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x / right, left.y / right, left.z / right);
-}
+Vector3d operator*(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left.x * right.x, left.y * right.y, left.z * right.z); }
+
+Vector3d operator/(Vector3d const &left, float right) { return Vector3d(left.x / right, left.y / right, left.z / right); }
+
+Vector3d operator/(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left.x / right.x, left.y / right.y, left.z / right.z); }
 
 // Assignment operators ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -87,6 +80,13 @@ Vector3d &operator*=(Vector3d &left, float right) {
   return left;
 }
 
+Vector3d &operator*=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right) {
+  left.x *= right.x;
+  left.y *= right.y;
+  left.z *= right.z;
+  return left;
+}
+
 Vector3d &operator/=(Vector3d &left, float right) {
   left.x /= right;
   left.y /= right;
@@ -94,27 +94,34 @@ Vector3d &operator/=(Vector3d &left, float right) {
   return left;
 }
 
+Vector3d &operator/=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right) {
+  left.x /= right.x;
+  left.y /= right.y;
+  left.z /= right.z;
+  return left;
+}
+
 // Useful functions ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-Vector3d componentProduct(const Vector3d &left, const Vector3d &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x * right.x, left.y * right.y, left.z * right.z);
-}
+Vector3d componentProduct(const Vector3d &left, const Vector3d &right) { return Vector3d(left.x * right.x, left.y * right.y, left.z * right.z); }
 
-Vector3d componentQuotient(const Vector3d &left, const Vector3d &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.x / right.x, left.y / right.y, left.z / right.z);
-}
+Vector3d componentQuotient(const Vector3d &left, const Vector3d &right) { return Vector3d(left.x / right.x, left.y / right.y, left.z / right.z); }
 
-Vector3d crossProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return Vector3d(left.y * right.z - left.z * right.y, left.z * right.x - left.x * right.z,
-                  left.x * right.y - left.y * right.x);
-}
+Vector3d crossProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return Vector3d(left.y * right.z - left.z * right.y, left.z * right.x - left.x * right.z, left.x * right.y - left.y * right.x); }
 
-float dotProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) {
-  return left.x * right.x + left.y * right.y + left.z * right.z;
-}
+float dotProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right) { return left.x * right.x + left.y * right.y + left.z * right.z; }
 
 float length(Vector3d const &v) { return std::sqrt(dotProduct(v, v)); }
 
-Vector3d normalized(Vector3d const &v) { return v / length(v); }
+Vector3d normalized(Vector3d const &v) { return v / std::max(length(v), NORM_EPS); }
 
 void normalize(Vector3d *v) { *v = normalized(*v); }
+
+std::tuple<Vector3d, Vector3d, Vector3d> orthoNormalized(Vector3d const &u, Vector3d const &v, Vector3d const &w) {
+  // using gram-schmidt orthonormalization
+  auto ret_u = normalized(u);
+  auto ret_v = normalized(v - dotProduct(ret_u, v) * ret_u);
+  auto ret_w = normalized(w - dotProduct(ret_u, w) * ret_u - dotProduct(ret_v, w) * ret_v);
+
+  return std::make_tuple(ret_u, ret_v, ret_w);
+}

common/vector3d.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef VECTOR3D_H
 #define VECTOR3D_H
 
+#include <tuple>
+
 struct Vector3d {
   // Components
   float x, y, z;
@@ -27,13 +29,17 @@ Vector3d operator-(Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d operator-(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d operator*(Vector3d const &left, float right);
 Vector3d operator*(float left, Vector3d const &right);
+Vector3d operator*(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d operator/(Vector3d const &left, float right);
+Vector3d operator/(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right);
 
 // Assignment operators
 Vector3d &operator+=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d &operator-=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d &operator*=(Vector3d &left, float right);
+Vector3d &operator*=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right);
 Vector3d &operator/=(Vector3d &left, float right);
+Vector3d &operator/=(Vector3d &left, Vector3d const &right);
 
 // Useful functions
 Vector3d componentProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right);
@@ -43,5 +49,6 @@ float dotProduct(Vector3d const &left, Vector3d const &right);
 float length(Vector3d const &v);
 Vector3d normalized(Vector3d const &v);
 void normalize(Vector3d *v);
+std::tuple<Vector3d, Vector3d, Vector3d> orthoNormalized(Vector3d const &u, Vector3d const &v, Vector3d const &w);
 
 #endif

primitive/infiniteplane.cpp

@@ -11,21 +11,30 @@ InfinitePlane::InfinitePlane(Vector3d const &origin, Vector3d const &normal, std
 // Primitive functions /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 bool InfinitePlane::intersect(Ray &ray) const {
-  // IMPLEMENT ME!
+  float const cosine = dotProduct(ray.direction, this->normal);
 
   // Make sure the ray is not coming from the other side (backface culling).
   // Note: We only use backface culling for InfinitePlanes, because we have
   // some special features planned that rely on backfaces for other primitives.
+  if (cosine > 0)
+    return false;
 
-  // Determine whether the ray intersects the plane
+  // Determine the distance at which the ray intersects the plane
+  float const t = dotProduct(this->origin - ray.origin, this->normal) / cosine;
 
   // Test whether this is the foremost primitive in front of the camera
+  if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
+    return false;
 
-  // (Optional for now) Set the normal
+  // Set the normal
+  // IMPLEMENT ME
 
   // Set the new length and the current primitive
+  ray.length = t;
+  ray.primitive = this;
 
-  return false;
+  // True, because the primitive was hit
+  return true;
 }
 
 // Bounding box ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

primitive/sphere.cpp

@@ -11,19 +11,46 @@ Sphere::Sphere(Vector3d const &center, float radius, std::shared_ptr<Shader> con
 // Primitive functions /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 bool Sphere::intersect(Ray &ray) const {
-  // IMPLEMENT ME!
+  // Use the definitions from the lecture
+  Vector3d const difference = ray.origin - this->center;
+  float const a = 1.0f;
+  float const b = 2.0f * dotProduct(ray.direction, difference);
+  float const c = dotProduct(difference, difference) - this->radius * this->radius;
+  float const discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;
 
-  // Determine whether the ray intersects the sphere
+  // Test whether the ray could intersect at all
+  if (discriminant < 0)
+    return false;
+  float const root = std::sqrt(discriminant);
+
+  // Stable solution
+  float const q = -0.5f * (b < 0 ? (b - root) : (b + root));
+  float const t0 = q / a;
+  float const t1 = c / q;
+  float t = std::min(t0, t1);
+  if (t < EPSILON)
+    t = std::max(t0, t1);
 
   // Test whether this is the foremost primitive in front of the camera
+  if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
+    return false;
 
-  // (Optional for now) Calculate the normal
+  // Calculate the normal
+  // IMPLEMENT ME
 
-  // (Optional for now) Calculate the surface position
+  // Calculate the surface position and tangent vector
+  float const phi = std::acos(ray.normal.y);
+  float const rho = std::atan2(ray.normal.z, ray.normal.x) + PI;
+  ray.surface = Vector2d(rho / (2 * PI), phi / PI);
+  ray.tangent = Vector3d(std::sin(rho), 0, std::cos(rho));
+  ray.bitangent = normalized(crossProduct(ray.normal, ray.tangent));
 
   // Set the new length and the current primitive
+  ray.length = t;
+  ray.primitive = this;
 
-  return false;
+  // True, because the primitive was hit
+  return true;
 }
 
 // Bounding box ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

primitive/triangle.cpp

@@ -5,43 +5,116 @@
 
 Triangle::Triangle(std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader) : Primitive(shader) {}
 
-Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
-    : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c} {}
+Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader) : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c} {}
 
-Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
-                   Vector3d const &nc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
-    : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc} {}
+Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader) : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc} {}
 
-Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
-                   Vector3d const &nc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc,
-                   std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
+Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
     : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc}, surface{ta, tb, tc} {}
 
+Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, Vector3d const &tana, Vector3d const &tanb, Vector3d const &tanc, Vector3d const &ba,
+                   Vector3d const &bb, Vector3d const &bc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
+    : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc}, tangent{tana, tanb, tanc}, bitangent{ba, bb, bc}, surface{ta, tb, tc} {}
+
 // Primitive functions /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+bool Triangle::intersectArea(Ray &ray) const {
+  // alternative triangle test
+  // "signed" triangle area with respect to triangle normal
+  auto triangleArea = [](Vector3d const &v0, Vector3d const &v1, Vector3d const &v2, Vector3d const &normal = Vector3d(0, 0, 0)) {
+    if (length(normal) < EPSILON) {
+      return length(crossProduct(v2 - v0, v1 - v0)) / 2.0f;
+    } else {
+      Vector3d const cp = crossProduct(v2 - v0, v1 - v0);
+      return dotProduct(cp, normal) > 0.0f ? length(cp) / 2.0f : -length(cp) / 2.0f;
+    }
+  };
 
-bool Triangle::intersect(Ray &ray) const {
-  // IMPLEMENT ME!
+  // begin ray-plane intersection ----------------------------
+  Vector3d normal = normalized(crossProduct(vertex[2] - vertex[0], vertex[1] - vertex[0]));
 
-  // Determine whether the ray intersects the triangle
+  float const cosine = dotProduct(ray.direction, normal);
 
-  // Test whether this is the foremost primitive in front of the camera
+  if (abs(cosine) < EPSILON)
+    return false;
 
-  // (Optional for now) Calculate the normal
+  float const t = dotProduct(vertex[0] - ray.origin, normal) / cosine;
 
-  // (Optional for now) Calculate the surface position
+  if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
+    return false;
+
+  Vector3d const p = ray.origin + t * ray.direction;
+  // end ray-plane intersection ----------------------------
+
+  float const fullArea = triangleArea(vertex[0], vertex[1], vertex[2]);
+  float const a = triangleArea(p, vertex[0], vertex[1], normal) / fullArea;
+  float const b = triangleArea(p, vertex[2], vertex[0], normal) / fullArea;
+
+  if ((a < 0.0f) || (a > 1.0f) || (b < 0.0f) || (a + b > 1.0f))
+    return false;
+
+  // Set the surface position (barycentric coordinates) and tangent Vector
+  ray.surface = a * this->surface[1] + b * this->surface[2] + (1 - a - b) * this->surface[0];
 
   // Set the new length and the current primitive
+  ray.length = t;
+  ray.primitive = this;
 
+  // True, because the primitive was hit
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Triangle::intersect(Ray &ray) const {
+  // We use the Möller–Trumbore intersection algorithm
+
+  // Determine two neighboring edge vectors
+  Vector3d const edge1 = this->vertex[1] - this->vertex[0];
+  Vector3d const edge2 = this->vertex[2] - this->vertex[0];
+
+  // Begin calculating determinant
+  Vector3d const pVec = crossProduct(ray.direction, edge2);
+
+  // Make sure the ray is not parallel to the triangle
+  float const det = dotProduct(edge1, pVec);
+  if (fabs(det) < EPSILON)
     return false;
+  float const inv_det = 1.0f / det;
+
+  // Calculate u and test bound
+  Vector3d const tVec = ray.origin - this->vertex[0];
+  float const u = dotProduct(tVec, pVec) * inv_det;
+  // Test whether the intersection lies outside the triangle
+  if (0.0f > u || u > 1.0f)
+    return false;
+
+  // Calculate v and test bound
+  Vector3d const qVec = crossProduct(tVec, edge1);
+  float const v = dotProduct(ray.direction, qVec) * inv_det;
+  // Test whether the intersection lies outside the triangle
+  if (0.0f > v || u + v > 1.0f)
+    return false;
+
+  // Test whether this is the foremost primitive in front of the camera
+  float const t = dotProduct(edge2, qVec) * inv_det;
+  if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
+    return false;
+
+  // Calculate the normal
+  // IMPLEMENT ME
+
+  // Calculate the surface position
+  ray.surface = u * this->surface[1] + v * this->surface[2] + (1 - u - v) * this->surface[0];
+
+  // Set the new length and the current primitive
+  ray.length = t;
+  ray.primitive = this;
+
+  // True, because the primitive was hit
+  return true;
 }
 
 // Bounding box ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-float Triangle::minimumBounds(int dimension) const {
-  return std::min(this->vertex[0][dimension], std::min(this->vertex[1][dimension], this->vertex[2][dimension]));
-}
+float Triangle::minimumBounds(int dimension) const { return std::min(this->vertex[0][dimension], std::min(this->vertex[1][dimension], this->vertex[2][dimension])); }
 
-float Triangle::maximumBounds(int dimension) const {
-  return std::max(this->vertex[0][dimension], std::max(this->vertex[1][dimension], this->vertex[2][dimension]));
-}
+float Triangle::maximumBounds(int dimension) const { return std::max(this->vertex[0][dimension], std::max(this->vertex[1][dimension], this->vertex[2][dimension])); }

primitive/triangle.h

@@ -9,22 +9,28 @@ public:
   // Constructor
   Triangle(std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
   Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
-  Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
-           Vector3d const &nc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
-  Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
-           Vector3d const &nc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc,
-           std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
+  Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
+  Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
+  Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb, Vector3d const &nc, Vector3d const &tana, Vector3d const &tanb, Vector3d const &tanc, Vector3d const &ba, Vector3d const &bb,
+           Vector3d const &bc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader);
 
   // Set
   void setVertex(int index, Vector3d const &vertex) { this->vertex[index] = vertex; }
   void setNormal(int index, Vector3d const &normal) { this->normal[index] = normalized(normal); }
-  Vector3d getNormal(int index){return this->normal[index];}
   void setTangent(int index, Vector3d const &tangent) { this->tangent[index] = normalized(tangent); }
   void setBitangent(int index, Vector3d const &bitangent) { this->bitangent[index] = normalized(bitangent); }
   void setSurface(int index, Vector2d const &surface) { this->surface[index] = surface; }
 
+  // Get
+  Vector3d getPosition(size_t index) { return this->vertex[index]; }
+  Vector3d getNormal(size_t index) { return this->normal[index]; }
+  Vector3d getTangent(size_t index) { return this->tangent[index]; }
+  Vector3d getBitangent(size_t index) { return this->bitangent[index]; }
+  Vector2d getTexCoord(size_t index) { return this->surface[index]; }
+
   // Primitive functions
   bool intersect(Ray &ray) const override;
+  bool intersectArea(Ray &ray) const;
 
   // Bounding box
   float minimumBounds(int dimension) const override;

renderer/simplerenderer.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,54 @@
 Texture SimpleRenderer::renderImage(Scene const &scene, Camera const &camera, int width, int height) {
   Texture image(width, height);
 
-  // Calculate the aspect ration
+  // Setup timer
+  std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start, stop;
+
+  // Reset Ray counting
+  Ray::resetRayCount();
+
+  // Super-hacky progress bar!
+  std::cout << "(SimpleRenderer): Begin rendering..." << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "| 0%";
+  int const barSize = 50;
+  int const stepSize = (width * height) / barSize;
+  for (int i = 0; i < barSize - 3 - 5; ++i)
+    std::cout << " ";
+  std::cout << "100% |" << std::endl << "|";
+  int k = 0;
+
+  // Start timer
+  start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+  float const aspectRatio = static_cast<float>(height) / width;
+  for (int x = 0; x < image.width(); ++x) {
+    for (int y = 0; y < image.height(); ++y) {
+      Ray ray = camera.createRay((static_cast<float>(x) / width * 2 - 1), -(static_cast<float>(y) / height * 2 - 1) * aspectRatio);
+      image.setPixelAt(x, y, clamped(scene.traceRay(ray)));
+
+      // Super hacky progress bar!
+      if (++k % stepSize == 0) {
+        std::cout << "=" << std::flush;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Stop timer
+  stop = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+  std::cout << "| Done!" << std::endl;
+
+  // Calculate the Time taken in seconds
+  double seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(stop - start).count();
+
+  std::cout << "Time: " << seconds << "s" << std::endl;
+
+  // Get the number of seconds per ray
+  int rays = Ray::getRayCount();
+
+  std::cout << "Paths: " << rays << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Paths per second: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(0) << rays / seconds << std::endl;
 
-  // Create the image by casting one ray into the scene for each pixel
 
   return image;
 }

scene/scene.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,19 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
+const std::string WHITESPACE = " \n\r\t\f\v";
+std::string ltrim(const std::string &s) {
+  size_t start = s.find_first_not_of(WHITESPACE);
+  return (start == std::string::npos) ? "" : s.substr(start);
+}
+
+std::string rtrim(const std::string &s) {
+  size_t end = s.find_last_not_of(WHITESPACE);
+  return (end == std::string::npos) ? "" : s.substr(0, end + 1);
+}
+
+std::string trim(const std::string &s) { return rtrim(ltrim(s)); }
+
 void Scene::add(const std::shared_ptr<Light> &light) { this->lights_.push_back(light); }
 
 void Scene::add(const std::shared_ptr<Primitive> &primitive) {

scene/scene.h

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 
 // Forward declarations
 class Light;
-class Primitive;
 class Shader;
 
 class Scene {