cloudy-raytracer/primitive/triangle.cpp

#include "primitive/triangle.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

// Constructor /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Triangle::Triangle(std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader) : Primitive(shader) {}

Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
        : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c} {}

Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
                   Vector3d const &nc, std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader) : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c},
                                                                                normal{na, nb, nc} {}

Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
                   Vector3d const &nc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc,
                   std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
        : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc}, surface{ta, tb, tc} {}

Triangle::Triangle(Vector3d const &a, Vector3d const &b, Vector3d const &c, Vector3d const &na, Vector3d const &nb,
                   Vector3d const &nc, Vector3d const &tana, Vector3d const &tanb, Vector3d const &tanc,
                   Vector3d const &ba,
                   Vector3d const &bb, Vector3d const &bc, Vector2d const &ta, Vector2d const &tb, Vector2d const &tc,
                   std::shared_ptr<Shader> const &shader)
        : Primitive(shader), vertex{a, b, c}, normal{na, nb, nc}, tangent{tana, tanb, tanc}, bitangent{ba, bb, bc},
          surface{ta, tb, tc} {}

// Primitive functions /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

bool Triangle::intersectArea(Ray &ray) const {
    // alternative triangle test
    // "signed" triangle area with respect to triangle normal
    auto triangleArea = [](Vector3d const &v0, Vector3d const &v1, Vector3d const &v2,
                           Vector3d const &normal = Vector3d(0, 0, 0)) {
        if (length(normal) < EPSILON) {
            return length(crossProduct(v2 - v0, v1 - v0)) / 2.0f;
        } else {
            Vector3d const cp = crossProduct(v2 - v0, v1 - v0);
            return dotProduct(cp, normal) > 0.0f ? length(cp) / 2.0f : -length(cp) / 2.0f;
        }
    };

    // begin ray-plane intersection ----------------------------
    Vector3d normal = normalized(crossProduct(vertex[2] - vertex[0], vertex[1] - vertex[0]));

    float const cosine = dotProduct(ray.direction, normal);

    if (std::abs(cosine) < EPSILON)
        return false;

    float const t = dotProduct(vertex[0] - ray.origin, normal) / cosine;

    if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
        return false;

    Vector3d const p = ray.origin + t * ray.direction;
    // end ray-plane intersection ----------------------------

    float const fullArea = triangleArea(vertex[0], vertex[1], vertex[2]);
    float const a = triangleArea(p, vertex[0], vertex[1], normal) / fullArea;
    float const b = triangleArea(p, vertex[2], vertex[0], normal) / fullArea;

    if ((a < 0.0f) || (a > 1.0f) || (b < 0.0f) || (a + b > 1.0f))
        return false;

    // Set the surface position (barycentric coordinates) and tangent Vector
    ray.surface = a * this->surface[1] + b * this->surface[2] + (1 - a - b) * this->surface[0];

    // Set the new length and the current primitive
    ray.normal = normal;
    ray.length = t;
    ray.primitive = this;

    // True, because the primitive was hit
    return true;
}

bool Triangle::intersect(Ray &ray) const {
    // We use the Möller–Trumbore intersection algorithm

    // Determine two neighboring edge vectors
    Vector3d const edge1 = this->vertex[1] - this->vertex[0];
    Vector3d const edge2 = this->vertex[2] - this->vertex[0];

    // Begin calculating determinant
    Vector3d const pVec = crossProduct(ray.direction, edge2);

    // Make sure the ray is not parallel to the triangle
    float const det = dotProduct(edge1, pVec);
    if (std::abs(det) < EPSILON)
        return false;
    float const inv_det = 1.0f / det;

    // Calculate u and test bound
    Vector3d const tVec = ray.origin - this->vertex[0];
    float const u = dotProduct(tVec, pVec) * inv_det;
    // Test whether the intersection lies outside the triangle
    if (0.0f > u || u > 1.0f)
        return false;

    // Calculate v and test bound
    Vector3d const qVec = crossProduct(tVec, edge1);
    float const v = dotProduct(ray.direction, qVec) * inv_det;
    // Test whether the intersection lies outside the triangle
    if (0.0f > v || u + v > 1.0f)
        return false;

    // Test whether this is the foremost primitive in front of the camera
    float const t = dotProduct(edge2, qVec) * inv_det;
    if (t < EPSILON || ray.length < t)
        return false;

    // Calculate the normal
    if (this->normal[0] == Vector3d(0, 0, 0)
        || this->normal[1] == Vector3d(0, 0, 0)
        || this->normal[2] == Vector3d(0, 0, 0)) {
        ray.normal = normalized(crossProduct(edge1, edge2));
    } else {
        ray.normal = normalized(u * normalized(this->normal[1]) + v * normalized(this->normal[2]) + (1 - u - v) * normalized(this->normal[0]));
    }

    // Calculate the surface position
    ray.surface = u * this->surface[1] + v * this->surface[2] + (1 - u - v) * this->surface[0];

    // Set the new length and the current primitive
    ray.length = t;
    ray.primitive = this;

    // True, because the primitive was hit
    return true;
}

// Bounding box ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

float Triangle::minimumBounds(int dimension) const {
    return std::min(this->vertex[0][dimension],
                    std::min(this->vertex[1][dimension],
                             this->vertex[2][dimension]));
}

float Triangle::maximumBounds(int dimension) const {
    return std::max(this->vertex[0][dimension],
                    std::max(this->vertex[1][dimension],
                             this->vertex[2][dimension]));
}